Sunday, February 1, 2015

Crude Oil Transported by Rail


1267 "Flammable" placard on a tanker car
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            Last week, a Montana pipeline operated by Bridger Pipeline LLC broke and leaked roughly 50,000 gallons of crude oil into the partially frozen Yellowstone River over the course of about an hour.  In 2011, and Exxon Mobil pipeline spilled 63,000 gallons into the same river.[1]  The Deepwater Horizon rig explosion and subsequent leak into the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 has embedded itself in our collective memory as the defining environmental disaster of recent years, an Exxon Valdez for my generation.  With continued transport of petroleum products by pipeline (and with no end in sight), spills and leaks will remain periodic and sadly expected events.  The alternative method of transporting crude oil is via rail, and has its own associated risks.  The Lac Megantic train derailment in 2013 caused a massive explosion that killed 42 people in the town and another 2,000 were evacuated due to the danger posed by fires, leaks and fumes.[2] 
Disasters such as this become especially pressing when they happen close to home.  On October 10th, 2007, a train derailment occurred across the street from my house on a set of CSX tracks in Painesville, Ohio.  Dozens of cars derailed and many burned ferociously until firefighter crews managed to put them out.  I distinctly remember seeing the smoke plume from my house after school that day.  Several cars were carrying petroleum products (not crude).  This all happened within mere hundreds of feet from a Lubrizol chemical plant.[3]  My older brother who now works for Lubrizol at their pilot plant in Wickliffe told me that a major disaster could have occurred had the derailment happened at the plant, which houses many extremely toxic liquids and gasses, both as finished products and chemical intermediaries for different manufacturing processes.  He estimates that certain chemical leaks could have easily left thousands of people dead. 
While both pipeline operators and locomotive companies will continually point to what they deem the relative safety of their services, the choice of one over the other amounts to being damned if we do, damned if we don’t.  Neither option is truly safe, and despite their claims of consistency, the disasters that do happen are so egregious that their track record becomes nullified.  Many of them go criminally under-reported as well.[4]  Recently, railroad interest groups and industry councils have been touting the reliability of their services to attract customers.  This industry has seen a huge surge in patronage by the crude oil industry due to the recent influx of “fracked” shale oil and gas, many sources of which are new and therefore lacking the pipeline infrastructure of historically common drilling and refinery sites.  While the railroads do offer more market flexibility for their customers and a lesser spill rate than pipelines (2.2 gal. per mil. ton-mi. vs. 6.3)[5], their associated risks often endanger the general public (e.g. Lac Megantic and the Painesville CSX crash) and still cannot guarantee absolute safety and reliability.  As the use of coal (almost exclusively transported by rail) for electricity generation decreases domestically (currently shipped at volumes lower than the past 20 years)[6], it’s not hard to see why the railroad industry would push so hard to attract crude extractors as customers.  In this market battle, the public, the environment and a sustainable economic future lose out regardless of who comes out on top.             


[1] http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2015/01/19/3612952/montana-yellowstone-river-oil-spill/
[2] http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2013/12/17/3056321/year-fossil-fuel-disasters/
[3] http://blog.cleveland.com/metro/2007/10/train_wrecks_in_painesville.html
[4] http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2013/12/17/3056321/year-fossil-fuel-disasters/
[5], 6 “Moving Crude Oil by Rail,” Association of American Railroads, Dec. 2013





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